Apples
Some motley place no fruit at all when self - cross-pollinate , while others under lucky conditions set a just craw . Yields are in effect when there are enough varieties for mark - pollenation . There are a number of popular varieties which are poor pollinator ( triploid varieties ) but most are diploid , which pollinate each other very well . It is important to have at least two diploid variety in a aggregation unless the pollinator chosen is sufficiently ego - fertile alone . When pick out variety select those which will bloom about the same time or overlap by a few days with others . There is some variant in the flowering time period of varieties but on the whole , the sentence are very consistent . Winter temperatures and dominion can affect flowering periods .
In the varieties listed below are in seven flowering groups . Select if potential variety within the same radical for pollination . The old very late variety ` Crawley Beauty ’ is sufficiently self - fertile to countersink a craw .
Most varieties put up their fruit chiefly on spur form on the older branch . The tip bearers do so on the tips of one - year - quondam shoot . Some sorts of fruit on both sort of wood .
Named varieties are propagated by vegetive agency , as they do not come true from germ — by budding in July or August or by grafting in March or April on to clonal rootstocks appropriate to the size of tree desired . The come after rootstalk are commonly used : Mailing IX ( very dwarfing ) , Malling 26 ( dwarfing ) , Mailing VII ( semi - dwarfing ) , Merton - Malling 106 ( semi - dwarf ) , Mailing II or Mailing I , the latter for blind drunk soil ( moderately vigorous ) , Merton - Malling III , Mailing XXV and Crab C ( vigorous ) .
gnome trees allow spraying , pruning and harvesting to be done without the need for step - ladders ; they are also more easily protected from hoot harm .
A number of minuscule tree in a range of varieties covering a long time of year is preferable to a few gravid trees each giving an excessive measure of fruit at one time of year and with one flavor . On average , a cordon tree diagram gives 1.5 - 2.5 kg ( 3 - 5 lb ) of apples , pyramid 3 - 4 kilo ( 6 - 8 lb ) , bush tree on Malling IX rootstock 12.5 - 15 kg ( 25 - 30 lb ) , bush tree on Mailing II 40 - 50 kg ( 80 - 100 lb ) , and larger trees according to size .
Alternatively , a ‘ category ’ tree throw several variety grafted on the one trunk can be grown or additional varieties are grafted on to an constitute Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that is yield glut crop . Malus pumila Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree have a long expectation of lifespan and may rest fruitful and healthy for 50 years or more .
CultivationApples opt cryptical loams but can be grown on sandy soils and backbreaking clays if attention is remove to enfeeble cockeyed filth and water dry ones .
Cordons [ establish 75 cm ( 2 1/2 ft ) by 1.8 m ( 6 ft ) ] ; espaliers [ 3 - 5 K ( 10 - 18 foot ) aside ] , and arcure trained Tree [ 90 x 180 curium ( 3 x 6 foot ) ] , are grown against walls , fences or on post and telegram backing ; gnome pyramid [ 105 x 210 curium ( 31 x 7 ft ) ] , spike bushes [ 180 x 390 centimeter ( 6 x 13 ft ) ] , pillars [ 180 x 300 cm ( 6 x 10 ft ) ] , bush [ 360 x 360 cm ( 12 x 12 ft ) ] , and half - standards [ 480 x 480 cm ( 16 x 16 ft ) ] , on an open , but sheltered , site . supply wind - breaks if rude tax shelter is not present .
Plant in November , if possible , or up to the end of March whenever the dirt is sufficiently friable . It is best not to comprise farmyard manure before planting into any except the poorest of soil . works as firmly as possible , pound the soil around the roots with the square closing of a stalwart C. W. Post , and tie the tree to a solid stake . Mulch the root area to conserve wet in the stain during the first season , thereby minimizing the transplant cheque to growing .
Subsequently , command the vigor balance by apply farmyard manure annually as a mulch in the spring and fertilizer consort to the tree ’s need .
Trained trees answer to being summer trim in July or August , the side shoots being shortened to five parting , the leader remaining unpruned . wintertime pruning lie of shortening summertime - pruned shoots to two bud and abridge the lengths of the loss leader by a third . Bush and half - received trees are not summer cut : in wintertime , the dead and crossing shoot are cut out and also sufficient branches to keep the head of the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree to an open habit . The leaders are shortened by a third for the first four year only — leave behind them unpruned from then onwards induces the branches to droop and become more fruitful .
lay the soil down to a mixture of o.k. grass and clover , which is kept hack short , retards tree growth and bring on fruitfulness . In addition , afters orchard apple tree take on a upright color when grow in the grass than under clean cultivation and have a long storage life .
Many mixture set an exuberant number of fruitlet and hand cutting is necessary if the Malus pumila are to grow to a worthwhile size . Many fruitlets fall course to the ground during the ‘ June Drop ’ but additional cutting is necessary in June and July . Each clump of sweet fruit must be reduced to two fruitlets , always removing the largest one — the ‘ king ’ yield — first , and the clusters boil down to at least 7 cm ( 3 in ) aside . Thin cookers to single fruit 16 - 20 cm ( 6 - 8 in ) apart .
Malus pumila are quick for harvesting when well gloss , with the seeds becoming chocolate-brown in colour , and when they part readily from the fruit spurs . screen for physical fitness for picking by raising each orchard apple tree to a horizontal positioning , pass on a slight twisting — if the stalk separates pronto from the spur , without tearing , the apple is primed to pick .
Eat early maturate kind direct from the tree or within a few weeks after being harvest . Store keeping varieties in a cool , dark , moist and frost - proof billet .
Flowering Times for Apples
Very earlyAromatic Russet ( B)Gravenstein ( T)Keswick Codlin ( B )
EarlyAdam ’s Pearmain ( B)Beauty of Bath Ben ’s Red ( B)Bismark ( B)Cheddar Cross Christmas Pearmain ( B)DiscoveryEgremont RussetGeorge CaveGeorge NealGolden SpireIrish PeachLaxton ’s Early CrimsonLord LambourneLord SuffieldMcIntosh Red Melba ( B)Michaelmas RedNorfolk BeautyPatricia ( B)Rev W. Wilkes ( B)Ribston Pippin ( T)St Edmund ’s PippinScarlet PimpernalStriped BeefingWarner ’s King ( T)Washington ( T)White Transparent
Early mid seasonArthur TurnerBelle de Boskoop ( T)Blenheim Orange ( TB)Bowden ’s SeedlingBramley ’s Seedling ( T)Brownlee ’s RussetCharles RossClaygate PearmainCox ’s Orange PippinD’Arcy SpiceDevonshire Quarrenden ( B)Early Victoria ( Emneth Early)Emperor AlexanderEpicureExeter CrossFortune ( B)Granny SmithGrenadierHowgate WonderJames GrieveJohn StandishJonathanKing ’s Acre PippinKidd ’s Orange RedLord GrosvenorMerton PippinMerton ProlificMerton RussetMerton WorcesterMiller ’s Seedling ( B)Ontario
Peasgood ’s NonsuchRed Victoria ( B)Reinette du Canada ( T)Rival ( B)Rosemary RussetSturmer PippinSunsetTydeman ’s Early Worcester Tydeman ’s Late OrangeWegener ( B)WealthyWinter Quarrenden ( B)Worcester PearmainMid seasonAllington Pippin ( B)Annie ElizabethChelmsford Wonder ( B)Cox ’s PomonaDeliciousDuke of DevonshireEllison ’s OrangeGolden DeliciousGolden NobleHerring ’s Pippin Lady HennikerLady SudeleyLane ’s Prince AlbertLaxton ’s Superb ( B)Monarch ( B)Orleans ReinetteSir John Thornycroft
Late mid seasonAmerican MotherCoronation ( B)Gascoyne ’s ScarletKing of the Pippins ( B)Lord DerbyMerton BeautyNewton WonderNorthern Spy ( B)Royal JubileeWilliam CrumpWinstonWoolbrook Pippin ( B )
LateCourt Pendu PlatEdward VIIHeusgen ’s Golden Reinette
Very lateCrawley Beauty
boron = biennial or temporary flowering varieties . triiodothyronine = triploid varieties with poor pollen . Those not marked T are diploid miscellanea . colorful sport eg Red Millar s Seedling usually blossom at the same metre as the parent .
