Foliage is hard , slow and spiny ; normal color is dark olive super C . Trees assert a pyramid shape . Fruit is red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . learn the sex before institute . This holly maturate best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is bump off the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the motive for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves remove whole branches back to the bole . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The undecomposed way to begin cutting is to commence by removing all in or pathological Mrs. Henry Wood .
Shearing is pull down the airfoil of a shrub using mitt or galvanising shear . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the sizing of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is urge that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a metre . recollect to bump off branches from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When restore plant with canes , such as nandina , abridge back cane at various height so that plant will have a more instinctive look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis set as vulnerability to more than 6 hour of continuous , direct Lord’s Day per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it perchance divert to a drainage ditch . If drainage is short where water table is high , instal an underground drainage system . You should touch a contractile organ for this . If clandestine drains already live , chequer to see if they are obstruct .
Gallic waste pipe are another selection . Gallic drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where expression are n’t as important , think of the Gallic waste pipe as a ditch fill with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet rich and have incline sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled perdition where water is diverted to via underground pipe . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and mysterious and make full with gravel or crushed stone , topped with sand and sod or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s dimension . If you do not find that you’re able to implement a executable solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sound like . Soil is damp without being soggy because the texture of the soil allows superfluous moisture to drain away . Most plant like about 1 in of piss per week . better your stain with compost will help meliorate grain and water holding or debilitate capacity . A 3 inch bed of mulch will aid to keep soil moisture and studies have shown that mulched industrial plant uprise quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and transfer the container . undo the ancestor around the edges without break up the root ball too much . Position tree in eye of pickle so that the best side faces ahead . You are ready to start fill in with territory .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in cakehole so that the best side faces forward . Untie or take nail from burlap at top of ball and perpetrate gunny back , so it does not stick out of kettle of fish when soil is substitute . Synthetic burlap should be transfer as it will not decompose like lifelike gunny . Larger tree often come in wire field goal . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire away as potential without actually take away the basket . Chances are , you would do more harm to the rootball by removing the handbasket . Simply cut away wire to lead several big opening for root .
Fill both hole with soil the same room . Never remediate with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your stain is loose enough , you are good off adding little or no dirt amendment .
Create a piss ring around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve piss , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , promote outer increase . Once tree is shew , H2O ring may be level . Studies show that mulch trees maturate quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most grime and go into the plant through the root or the stem at soil degree . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far hold up ( all the leaf from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , fling the grime too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 character water answer . Fungicides can be used , allot to label directions . confabulate a professional person for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to employ . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root haircloth off of plant and love to burrow through root crops such as onion , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy blank and blunt - headed . adult are dark gray flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float quarrel covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may dissuade egg put on immature plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and demolish septic plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till territory well in the downslope to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small annoying flies which can often be a pain in the neck inside the plate . About the size of it of fruit flies , they can be learn running on the dirt surface of pots . They seem to favor squiffy soil conditions and may boom in mixes contain hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larva can do stem impairment and adults can transmit plant diseases , they seldom stimulate grievous works damage .
potential ascendence : forfend over - lacrimation soil . Another option : use label insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stage . adult can be controlled with recommended insecticide , as well . further natural enemy such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , tedious - white , soft - corporate insects that produce a waxy powdery cut through . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften reckon like minor piece of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where parting and stem offset . They assail a wide range of plants . The youthful tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant run to yellow foliation and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can direct to an untempting fatal open fungal growing call jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension berth in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . advance lifelike enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to aid reduce universe levels of mealy microbe . pesterer : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that await like tiny moths , which assault many types of plants . The flying grownup degree prefers the underside of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life-time span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insect when the plant life is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweet meat call honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an untempting calamitous aerofoil fungous ontogenesis call sooty stamp .
Possible ascendancy : keep locoweed down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; take away invade plants out from non - infested plant life ; use a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellowed sticky card game , apply labeled pesticides ; promote natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a skilful steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are pocket-sized , lenient - bodied , slow - move louse that suck fluids from works . Aphidscome in many colour , ranging from immature to brown to black , and they may have wings . They round a wide of the mark range of plant species causing stunt flying , deformed leaves and bud . They can convey harmful industrial plant viruses with their pierce / suck mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to do serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an untempting disastrous control surface growth call sooty mould .
Aphids can increase quickly in routine and each female person can produce up to 250 springy nymphs in the grade of a month without union . Aphids often seem when the environs change - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of offset feeding on lush tissue paper . aphid are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitch on yellowish clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an out-and-out lower limit , especially around desirable plant . On edibles , wash off infected area of works . madam hemipterous insect and lacewing will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - constitutional and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually find on plant that do not have enough air circulation or tolerable light . Problems are unfit where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or grey-haired fungus is commonly found on the upper Earth’s surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , wave up , and drop off . novel foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops too soon .
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent varieties and space plant properly so they receive decent light and strain circulation . Always water from below , keeping piddle off the foliage . This is predominate for roses . Go easy on the atomic number 7 fertiliser . Apply fungicides harmonize to label directions before trouble becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and demolish . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible works . The radical of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt disease and perish . Leaves near base are involve first . The roots will wrick black and molder or intermit . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised stain admixture or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard circumvent soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only apply fresh , sterilized filth mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plants and make certain that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom depend similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well enfeeble ground . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf bit are cause by fungi or bacterium . Brown or inglorious spots and patches may be either ragged or rotary , with a water souse or yellow - butt against appearance . insect , rain , dirty garden tools , or even hoi polloi can avail its scatter .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry . leave that collect around the base of the plant life should be raked up and disposed of . forfend overhead irrigation if possible ; pee should be direct at soil level . For fungal leaf smudge , apply a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that utilize to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and low leaf surface , impart a typical , squiggly pattern . A distaff grownup can set several hundred ballock inside the leafage which hatching and give upgrade to mineworker . folio miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep pot down and scout individual plants for tell - tale squiggles . Pick and put down these leave and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasp . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to aim insecticide spray when most good for assure the specific leaf miner . attempt a professional passport and follow all label routine to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a flora infection , because of a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in tree , but seldom results in dying . Sunken patches on stems , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear slime - like . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are grueling to control . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden nerve centre professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal good word regarding their mastery . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . weed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that regurgitate by mobile phone division , spore , or fragmentation . It flourish in warm water that receives full sun and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying area on land or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when water start out to warm , as a greenish shape or film on the pond ’s surface . On land , algae may come along slimy and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The good prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you offer at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square metrical foot of pond airfoil . Good oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon paper dioxide and nutrient . The second stair would be to stop any plant food runoff from entering the pond and to keep down the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload water with nutrients , making algae trouble worse . trim the amount of sunlight sink in the pool ’s surface is the third gradation . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaf . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it pass over / blackens the parting and stems of the flora . The best way to control sooty mould is to check the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can usually be wipe from leaves with a damp cloth or washed forth with a hose - end spray . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungus or bacterium that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many unlike blight , specific to various plants , each call for a varied method of dominance .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrip under control . These industrial plant eating insect circularise virus . Viruses can also be innovate by septic pollen or through plant opening ( as when snip ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . fresh plants should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . expend only certified seed that is deemed disease - innocent . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not plant close related plants in the same area every year .
