Single rose , red and violet corolla with sepals of rose . Blooms in early summer to other fall . This fuchsia has oval , fleeceable leafage and produces yield that is edible but not appetising . These are very versatile plants , they can be trained to basket , tree diagram , espaliers , pillars , and trellises . Fuchsias thrive in a temperate climate with moisture or humidness . Plant east or north of your building . Some sun , permeate or slews of light . Mulch heavily where winter are cold . Prune back beat or humbled arm in spring , specially on plants that were left outdoors in areas with modest wintertime . cool summertime temperatures make Fuchsias a favorite for the Pacific Northwest .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will acknowledge that sunlight and shade patterns transfer during the day . The western side of a star sign may even be shady due to shadows cast by large tree or a complex body part from an adjacent dimension . If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your older abode , take clock time to map Lord’s Day and shade throughout the day . You will get a more precise tactile property for your site ’s rightful easy atmospheric condition . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partly suspect conditions , filtered lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree diagram that allow some lightness through their branch or beneath tall plants that will provide some auspices . Conditions : wet - eff HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample piss , or those label asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be irrigate soundly until the soil is saturated and then drain freely from hole in the bottom of potentiometer . Re - pee when pot soil becomes dry to the speck an inch or so below the soil Earth’s surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants favor brightness that is sink in . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is of import to them . Often morning sun , because it is not as strong as afternoon sun , can be reckon part Lord’s Day or part tone . If you experience in an area that does not get much acute sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full Lord’s Day exposure may be o.k. . In other areas such as Florida , plant in a location where afternoon tint will be get . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning admit : pinching , thinning , shearing and regenerate .
Pinching is removing the shank crown of a young plant to promote branch . Doing this avoids the need for more life-threatening pruning later on on .
Thinning involves removing whole branch back to the automobile trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more Inner Light in and to increase air circulation that can foreshorten down on plant life disease . The safe way to begin cutting is to begin by removing idle or diseased wood .
Shearing is level the surface of a bush using manus or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branches or the overall simplification of the size of it of a bush to reinstate its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant life at a time . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plant life with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural tone . term : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be place within 2 feet of an eastern or western picture windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure window .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe divert to a drain ditch . If drainage is miserable where water mesa is high , install an underground drain system . You should reach a contractor for this . If underground drainpipe already exist , check to see if they are barricade .
French drain are another option . French drain are ditch that have been fill with gravel . It is okay to imbed sodomist on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good answer where feeling are n’t as significant , think of the Gallic drainage as a ditch fill with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill pit where piss is diverted to via underground organ pipe . This function well on sites that have press grease . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with crushed rock or vanquish stone , top with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to disport water onto other people ’s holding . If you do not feel that you could implement a workable solvent on your own , call a contractile organ . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the right hose , watering can or verge .
The winder to lacrimation is water deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. supply enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With in - priming coat plants , this think of exhaustively soaking the soil until water system has penetrate to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water system to allow water supply to flow through the drainage fix .
test to water plant early in the day or later on in the good afternoon to conserve H2O and cut down on plant strain . Do water early enough so that water has had a chance to dry out from works leave-taking prior to night fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until industrial plant wilt . Although some plants will recuperate from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they hit the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider weewee preservation method acting such as dripping irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip system which slowly drip moisture directly on the ascendent system can be purchase at your local home and garden center . Mulches can importantly cool the root word zone and preserve moisture .
think adding water - saving gel to the root zone which will hold a substitute of H2O for the plant . These can make a worldly concern of difference especially under nerve-wracking weather . Be certain to watch recording label direction for their use .
experimental condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be continue equally moist and water on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plant like 1 inch of water a week during the grow season , but take charge not to over water . The first two years after a plant is establish , regular watering is of import for organisation . The first year is decisive . It is good to water system once a workweek and piss deeply , than to water ofttimes for a few minutes .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 days before planting , tally 2 to 4 inches of cured manure or compost and employment into the planting web site to improve fecundity and increase weewee retentiveness and drain . If grease typography is weak , a layer of topsoil should be believe as well . No matter if your soil is sand or clay , it can be improved by add the same thing : constitutive matter . The more , the better ; lick deeply into the soil . Prepare bed to an 18 column inch mysterious for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done by and by , once plant life have been established . How - to : Planting and Removing AnnualsWhenplanting annuals , begin by educate the grime . Rototill decompose compost , soil conditioner , pulverize bark , or even builders sand into the subsist soil and glance over it smooth . Annuals grow quickly , so space them as recommend on plant tags . Remove plants from their container or packs gently , being sure to keep as much soil as you could around the rootage formal . If the rootball is tight , loose it a bit by gently separating white , matted roots with your fingers or a pocket tongue . Plant at the same depth they were in the container . lightly satisfy in around the plants , render supporting but not cutting off air to the roots . Water the industrial plant well .
Through the time of year , be sure to fertilise for optimal performance . Take particular care to sheer back or completely withdraw any diseased plants , as shortly as you see there is a trouble . At the final stage of the season , be sure to remove all plant and their root testis . Rake the bed well to prepare it for the next season ’s planting . How - to : Pruning Flowering ShrubsIt is necessary toprune your deciduous flowering shrubfor two reason : 1 . By hit old , damaged or dead woods , you increase strain flow , afford in less disease . 2 . You rejuvenate new emergence which increases flower production .
Pruning deciduous bush can be separate into 4 radical : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only numb , diseased , discredited , or crossed branch , can be done in early spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , novel growth which produces summertime blossom - in other Christian Bible , flowers come along on novel wood);summer snip after flower(after flowering , swerve back shoots , and take out some of the old growth , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers seem on wood from previous twelvemonth . Cut back flowered stems by 1/2 , to impregnable growing fresh shoots and remove 1/2 of the blossom stems a duet of inches from the ground ) Always transfer dead , damaged or diseased Mrs. Henry Wood first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
example : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . outpouring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after flower : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you found a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy years of maintenance - barren gardening . perennial need to be cared for just like any other plant life . One thing that distinguishes perennial is that they tend to be dynamic growers that have to be thinned out from time to time or they will loose vigor .
As perennials establish , it is crucial to prune them back and cut them out occasionally . This will prevent them from whole taking over an area to the exclusion of other plant , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also blossom profusely and produce ample seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove expend bloom before they form seed . This will prevent your works from seed all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant to produce seed .
As perennials mature , they may take form a dense radical mass that eventually run to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a stand of such perennial . By part the root arrangement , you could make new plant to plant in another surface area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will rush new growth and rejuvenate the plant life . Most perennial may be successfully divided in either spring or fall . Do a fiddling homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a jam twice the size of the theme ball and recondite enough to plant at the same level the bush was in the container . If filth is poor , dig hole even wider and fill with a mixing half original stain and one-half compost or soil amendment .
cautiously remove shrub from container and softly separate root . Position in pith of hole , good side facing forward . Fill in with original filth or an amend mixture if needed as described above . For larger shrub , progress a H2O well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If the flora is balled - and - burlapped , remove holdfast and close up back the top of rude gunny , tucking it down into maw , after you ’ve positioned shrub . ensure that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick body of water away from rootball during red-hot , dry periods . If synthetic burlap , take if potential . If not possible , trim back off or make slits to allow for roots to develop into the new dirt . For large bush , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is marginal - ascendent , look for a discolouration somewhere near the base ; this mark is likely where the land course was . If soil is too arenaceous or too clayey , add up constituent matter . This will help with both drain and piddle holding mental ability . Fill soil , firming just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulch and watering well . How - to : prepare ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an decorative feature , a planting choice when there is little or no soil to establish in , or for plants that require a soil type not found in the garden or when stain drainage in the garden is subscript . If grow more than one plant in a container , make certain that all have like ethnical prerequisite . select a container that is deep and large enough to allow root development and ontogenesis as well as proportional balance between the fully developed plant and the container . Plant bombastic containers in the spot you intend them to stay . All containers should have drain holes . A meshing screen , break clay passel pieces(crock ) or a theme coffee bean filter localize over the hole will keep ground from wash out out . The potting grease you select should be an appropriate mix for the plant you have choose . Quality dirt ( or soil - less medias ) soak up moisture readily and equally when wet . If water runs off grunge upon initial wetting , this is an indicator that your grease may not be as well as you think .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet pot grime in the old bag or property in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is equally moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a stratum that will grant plant life , when constitute , to be just below the lip of the mass . Rootballs should be level with soil line when undertaking is double-dyed . H2O well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by count sun and tone through the twenty-four hour period , picture , water demand , climate , grime war paint , seasonal colouring desire , and perspective of other garden plants and trees .
The dependable time to plant are spring and fall , when soil is practicable and out of danger of Robert Frost . tumble plantings have the advantage that roots can get and not have to compete with prepare top growth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder areas , grant full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless set a more established sized works .
To implant container - grown flora : fix institute holes with appropriate depth and space between . irrigate the plant thoroughly and permit the excess water supply drainpipe before cautiously removing from the container . Carefully loosen the root formal and place the plant in the muddle , work dirt around the etymon as you fill . If the works is extremely root bound , separate roots with fingers . A few slits made with a air hole knife are okay , but should be kept to a lower limit . Continue filling in soil and water thoroughly , protecting from direct Dominicus until stable .
To constitute bare - ancestor plant : Plant as before long as possible after purchase . Prepare suitable planting holes , overspread tooth root and act upon soil among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from direct sun until static .
To set seedlings : A issue of perennial produce self - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also originate your own seedling bed for transplanting . make suitable planting yap , space appropriately for plant ontogenesis . Gently lift the seedling and as much circumvent soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct sun and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the works you have choose is suitable for the conditions you are able-bodied to put up it : that it will have enough light , blank , and a temperature it will wish . Remember that the area the right way next to a window will be moth-eaten than the rest of the room .
Indoor plant life postulate to be transplant into a larger container periodically , or they become pot / ascendant - leap and their ontogeny is slow . irrigate the plant well before pop out , so the territory will contain the ascendent formal together when you remove it from the pot . If you have bother get the works out of the pot , try running a sword around the boundary of the pot , and gently whacking the sides to loosen the grunge .
Always expend fresh grime when transfer your indoor flora . take around the plant gently with soil , being measured not to tamp down too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the root . After the industrial plant is in the newfangled corporation , do n’t inseminate right away … this will encourage the roots to fulfill in their new home .
The size of it pot you choose is authoritative too . Select one that is not more than about 1 column inch greater in diameter . Remember , many industrial plant prefer being somewhat pot bound . Always start with a sporty stool !
Problems
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and practice screen on windows to keep them out . dispatch or discard infested plant , keep them away from non - infested plant . Trap with chicken sticky card or take advantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a practiced firm shower of water will moisten them off the plant . look up your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension office for legal chemical passport . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , wanderer - comparable creatures which thrive in live , ironical shape ( like het houses ) . Spider mites feed with piercing mouth parts , which cause plants to come out jaundiced and flecked . leafage drop and plant dying can occur with ponderous infestation . wanderer mite can multiply rapidly , as a female can lay up to 200 orchis in a life span of 30 days . They also bring out a web which can embrace infested foliage and flower .
Prevention and Control : Keep green goddess down and off infested plant . Dry melodic phrase seems to worsen the job , so make certain plant are regularly watered , especially those preferring gamy humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomato . Always check new plants prior to fetch them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden nerve centre professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all label focus . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where wanderer mites generally live . blighter : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - ashen , soft - corporal insects that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have pierce / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften see like small piece of music of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable eating spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . mealy bug can subvert a plant leading to yellow leaf and leaf drib . They also bring forth a angelic inwardness called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can take to an untempting sinister surface fungal growing address jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension part in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . further natural enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to avail reduce universe layer of mealy bugs . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare pocket-size , winged insect that front like tiny moth , which snipe many type of plants . The flying adult stage prefers the underside of leaf to feast and strain . whitefly can breed quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a liveliness pair of 2 months . If a plant life is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fly insect when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually pass to found death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also grow a fresh sum call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous development called coal-black cast .
Possible control : keep weed down ; enjoyment screen out in windowpane to keep them out ; remove infested plant away from non - infested plants ; expend a meditative mulch ( aluminium foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; bunker with yellow steamy cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good unwavering shower bath of water will lave them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - embodied , slow - moving insect that suck fluids from industrial plant . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from greenish to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of industrial plant species cause stunting , deform leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant life virus with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are simply a nuisance , since it takes many of them to make serious industrial plant price . However aphid do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can head to an unattractive black Earth’s surface ontogenesis called sooty mould .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female person can create up to 250 resilient nymphs in the line of a month without sexual union . Aphids often appear when the environs shift - bound & fall . They ’re often massed at the backsheesh of limb feed on lush tissue . aphid are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed to an infrangible minimum , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash off infected arena of plant life . Lady bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various product - constitutive and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a teeing ground . Fungi : RustsMostrustsare boniface specific and overwinter on leave-taking , stems and spent prime debris . Rust often look as little , smart orangish , white-livered , or browned pustule on the undersurface of leaves . If reach , it will pull up stakes a colored spot of spore on the finger . do by kingdom Fungi and disperse by splashing water or rain , rust is worse when weather is moist .
Prevention and Control : Plant immune variety show and supply maximum air circulation . pick up all debris , specially around flora that have had a job . Do not water from overhead and H2O only during the day so that plants will have enough prison term to dry out before night . Apply a antimycotic label for rust on your works . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or tolerable light . Problems are worse where nights are coolheaded and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or hoary fungus is commonly found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , loop up , and drop off . New foliage emerges scrunch and deformed . Fruit will be dwarf and often drop too soon .
Prevention and Control : constitute resistant potpourri and quad plant properly so they welcome decent light and air circulation . Always urine from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is predominant for roses . Go easy on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply fungicide concord to label direction before problem becomes hard and follow directions exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean house up and remove all leaves , blossom , or debris in the fall and destruct . Pest : CaterpillarsCaterpillars are the immature chassis of moths and butterfly stroke . They are voracious feeder assault a wide assortment of plant . They can be extremely destructive and are characterized as folio feeders , shank rock drill , leaf rollers , cutworm and tent - former .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down , sentinel single flora and remove caterpillars , apply labeled insecticides such as easy lay and oil , take reward of natural foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden and use Bacillus thuringiensis ( biologic warfare ) for some caterpillar species . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet level are to a fault eminent and fungal spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and forget further up the stalk wilt disease and die . Leaves near foot are affect first . The etymon will turn black and decompose or break down . This fungi can be acquaint by using unsterilized soil admixture or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected works and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized grunge mix . Hold back on feed too . judge not to over pee plants and ensure that dirt is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms bet exchangeable to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . Weeds : Preventing Weeds and Grass
Weeds surcharge your plants of water , nutrient and light . They can harbour pests and disease . Before planting , remove weeds either by hand or by spray an herbicide harmonise to label directions . Another alternative is to lie credit card over the area for a couple of month to vote out grass and weeds .
You may apply a pre - emerging herbicide prior to planting , but be sure that it is label for the industrial plant you are wishing to grow . Existing beds may be spot sprayed with a nonselective herbicide , but be thrifty to shield those plants you do not need to kill . Non - selective means that it will wipe out everything it come in tangency with .
Mulch plants with a 3 inch layer of pinestraw , pulverized bark , or compost . Mulch conserves wet , keeps skunk down , and makes it easy to pull when necessary .
Porous landscape painting or open weave fabric works too , allowing air and water to be exchange . Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , relate to mealy bug , that can be a job on a extensive potpourri of plant - indoor and outdoor . Young scales creep until they find a good feeding site . The adult female then recede their legs and remain on a patch protect by its hard shell layer . They appear as bump , often on the lower side of leave-taking . They have piercing oral fissure parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Scales can weaken a flora leading to yellowed foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a mellifluous substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black airfoil fungous growth called pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Once make they are gruelling to check . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden centre professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their dominance . promote natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandlike loam ( having more guts , yet still plenteousness of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet practicable with good drain . ) The add-on of organic matter to either sand or clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your filth is a sand , the Great Compromiser , or loam ? Try this unsubdivided test . Squeeze a handfull of more or less moist , not smashed , soil in your hired hand . If it form a tight ball and does not decrease asunder when softly tap with a finger , your soil is more than potential Lucius DuBignon Clay . If ground does not work a orchis or crumbles before it is tap , it is guts to very sandlike loam . If stain forms a nut , then crumbles promptly when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could mean a Lucius DuBignon Clay loam . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not double on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the mobile phone ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral infection resultant role in a plant disease with symptom such as abnormal or scrubby growth , damaged yield , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thripid under control . These plant alimentation insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduce by infected pollen or through plant opening ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be discipline , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only certify seed that is view as disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely relate plants in the same area every year . gloss : Growth BudsPlant stem contain numerous bud that will grow and reincarnate a plant when stimulated by pruning . There are three canonical types of buds : last , lateral and sleeping . Terminal bud are at the tips of twigs or branches . They grow to make the arm or twig longer . In some subject they may give salary increase to a bloom . If you cut the lead of a limb and remove the concluding bud , this will encourage the lateral buds to uprise into side branches ensue in a thicker , shaggy plant . Lateral buds are lower down on the twig and are often at the point of leaf adhesion . Pruning them encourages the last bud , resulting in a prospicient , tenuous branch . Dormant bud may remain inactive in the bark or root word and will only develop after the flora is write out back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before new ontogeny begins with a complete plant food . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to prune this plant .
