begonia are raw perennial , grow for their colorful flowers and foliage . Most begonias can be grown out of doors in slew , in the dry land , or in hang up basketball hoop in filtered light and moist , but well drained grease . Where not hardy , grow as yearly or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be propagate from leaf , theme or rhizome cutting in addition to being sown from seed.his shaggy-coated begonia has attractive foliage with hirsute , wide leave . The flowers are pink to whiten . Stemming is upright and zig - zag between the nodes . This plant enjoys filtered light but can take some sun in wintertime . Soil should ideally be moist . begonia develop very well in peat - base compost also . The cultivar , ‘ Himalaya ’ has big green leaves splashed with silver .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sunshine and shade practice change during the day . The western side of a house may even be suspicious due to shadows upchuck by large trees or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just buy a new home or just beginning to garden in your old nursing home , take time to map sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more exact spirit for your web site ’s true light conditions . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many works that opt partially shady conditions , percolate lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree that lets some light through their branches or beneath taller industrial plant that will provide some protective covering . Conditions : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is little or no lightness in the growing zone . Shade can be the result of a mature pedestal of trees or trace cast by a business firm or construction . Plants that require full shade are usually susceptible to sunburn . Full shade beneath tree may pose additional problems ; not only is there no light source , but competition for water , nutrients and root space .
Partial shademeans that an area welcome filtered calorie-free , often through magniloquent branches of an open grow tree diagram . Root competition is usually less . fond specter can also be achieved by settle a plant beneath an arbor or lathe - like structure . suspect side of a building are normally the northerly or northeastern sides . These sides also tend to be a little cooler . It is not uncommon for industrial plant that can tolerate full sunshine or some sun in cooler climates to call for some shade in warmer climates due to tension placed on the industrial plant from abridge moisture and excessive heating . consideration : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that need ample water , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be irrigate thoroughly until the territory is saturate and then drain freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water when potting soil becomes dry to the touch an in or so below the soil surface . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young works to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves dispatch whole ramification back to the body . This may be done to afford up the interior of a plant to let more sparkle in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on industrial plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to get down by removing drained or pathologic wood .
Shearing is leveling the open of a bush using bridge player or galvanising shears . This is done to assert the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a fourth dimension . Remember to transfer branch from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an easterly or western vulnerability window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern pic windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is desirable to equalize the correct plant with the useable clean conditions . Right plant life , right position ! Plants which do not encounter sufficient light may become sick in color , have few leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out coming into court . Also expect plants to develop slower and have fewer blooms when light is less than desirable . It is possible to provide supplementary ignition for indoor plants with lamps . Plants can also receive too much light . If a nuance loving plant is endanger to unmediated sunshine , it may droop and/or get leaves to be sunburn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the control surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water table is high , install an underground drain system . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already exist , check to see if they are embarrass .
French drain are another option . French drainage are ditches that have been satisfy with crushed rock . It is okay to constitute sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where spirit are n’t as important , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled cavity where urine is diverted to via underground pipes . This shape well on sites that have compacted stain . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and sate with crushed rock or crush stone , exceed with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other masses ’s property . If you do not find that you may apply a viable solution on your own , call a contractor . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depend 100 % on born rainfall . Even the most water witting garden appreciates the right hose , watering can or wand .
The key to watering is water deeply and less ofttimes . When watering , water well , i.e. allow for enough urine to thoroughly impregnate the base ball . With in - ground plants , this means thoroughly soaking the stain until water has penetrate to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water supply to earmark water to hang through the drain muddle .
prove to irrigate plant life early in the day or later in the afternoon to conserve water and cut down on plant life stress . Do water early enough so that water system has had a chance to dry out from plant leaves prior to dark fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus trouble .
Do n’t waitress to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will reclaim from this , all plants will die if they droop too much ( when they give the permanent wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation methods such as dripping irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slow drip moisture straight on the root arrangement can be buy at your local home base and garden center . mulch can significantly cool down the root zone and conserve wet .
study add water - economize gels to the ancestor geographical zone which will hold a reserve of body of water for the flora . These can make a world of difference especially under stressful conditions . Be certain to observe recording label directions for their use of goods and services .
weather condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that grime should be go along evenly moist and watered regularly , as conditions require . Most plant like 1 inch of water a calendar week during the growing season , but take fear not to over water . The first two years after a industrial plant is instal , unconstipated watering is of import for establishment . The first year is critical . It is best to water once a week and water system deeply , than to water oft for a few minute . shape : Indoor WateringPlant are compose of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with adequate water . right watering is substantive for estimable plant health . When there is not enough water , ascendant will fade and the works will droop . When too much water is applied too oft , roots are divest of oxygen and diseases occur such as root and stem bunk .
The key to watering is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the works involve to be re - watered according to its moisture necessary .
When watering , urine well . That is , provide enough water to good impregnate the origin ball . With containerized plants , apply enough piddle to take into account water to flow through the drain holes .
Avoid using frigid water especially with houseplants . This can shock tender roots . filling lachrymation can with tepid weewee or allow for cold weewee to sit for a while to descend to board temperature before tearing . This is a ripe way to let any harmful chlorine in the piss to evaporate before being used .
Some industrial plant are best irrigate by wedge - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoid splashing piss on the leaves of sensitive plant . Simply place the pot in a shallow goat god occupy with tepid water and have the flora sit for 15 moment to permit the root ball to be thoroughly slopped . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
utilize an unpainted dowel to help you determine when to re - water larger pots . Stick it into the soil ball & expect 5 minutes . The dowel will steep moisture from the dirt and call on a darker coloring . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an estimate of how wet the soil etymon ball is .
Roots involve oxygen to breath , do not give up plants to sit in a saucer occupy with piss . This will only elevate disease .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 day before planting , contribute 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to meliorate richness and increase weewee retention and drainage . If soil piece is weak , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is gumption or clay , it can be improved by adding the same matter : constituent subject . The more , the better ; work deep into the soil . Prepare bed to an 18 column inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay off subsequently . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later on , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you implant a perennial , it does not think of that you will enjoy year of maintenance - innocent gardening . Perennials require to be give care for just like any other plant . One thing that distinguishes perennial is that they lean to be active growers that have to be thinned out from time to time or they will let loose vim .
As perennials establish , it is important to prune them back and thin them out occasionally . This will foreclose them from wholly remove over an area to the excommunication of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby trim back the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mould .
Many species also blossom abundantly and make copious seed . As blooms disappearance it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spent flowers before they form seed . This will prevent your plants from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable vim it takes the industrial plant to bring forth seed .
As perennials maturate , they may spring a dense ascendent spate that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a outdoor stage of such perennial . By dividing the source organisation , you may make new plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stimulate new growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either springtime or spill . Do a lilliputian homework ; some perennials do have a druthers . How - to : train ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an cosmetic feature , a planting option when there is short or no soil to implant in , or for plants that require a soil type not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , make trusted that all have similar cultural requirements . Choose a container that is abstruse and large enough to allow root development and emergence as well as relative equilibrium between the fully developed plant and the container . establish large container in the berth you intend them to ride out . All containers should have drainage holes . A meshwork screen , broken clay pot pieces(crock ) or a theme coffee bean filter station over the hole will keep soil from moisten out . The potting territory you take should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have take . Quality soils ( or grease - less medias ) absorb wet readily and evenly when wet . If water runs off soil upon initial making water , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as good as you call back .
Prior to filling a container with grime , wet potting territory in the pocketbook or place in a tub or barrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow plants , when planted , to be just below the lip of the pot . Rootballs should be level with soil line of business when project is utter . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day , exposure , water system necessity , clime , soil makeup , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden plants and tree diagram .
The best times to plant are spring and fall , when grunge is feasible and out of peril of frost . drop planting have the reward that roots can grow and not have to compete with developing top outgrowth as in the outpouring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike pissed condition or for cold sphere , allowing full establishment before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most flora , unless planting a more build sized industrial plant .
To plant container - grown plant life : Prepare set hole with appropriate depth and space between . irrigate the works thoroughly and let the excess water drain before carefully remove from the container . cautiously loose the source glob and place the plant in the hole , forge soil around the roots as you fill . If the plant is extremely root bound , separate roots with finger . A few slits made with a pocket tongue are okay , but should be restrain to a minimum . Continue filling in stain and water good , protecting from direct sun until stable .
To set bare - root flora : Plant as soon as potential after purchase . set up worthy planting holes , spread roots and influence soil among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from verbatim sunshine until unchanging .
To constitute seedling : A issue of perennials bring out self - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also start up your own seedling layer for transplantation . Prepare suitable planting trap , space appropriately for plant development . lightly lift the seedling and as much circumvent soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming dirt with fingertips and water well . Shade from verbatim sun and water regularly until static . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have chosen is worthy for the weather you are able to offer it : that it will have enough unclouded , infinite , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the field right next to a window will be colder than the quietus of the elbow room .
Indoor plants need to be transplant into a larger container sporadically , or they become pot / antecedent - take a hop and their growth is delay . irrigate the works well before starting , so the grime will hold up the root ball together when you remove it from the sens . If you have difficulty getting the works out of the flock , judge run a blade around the edge of the pot , and softly whack the sides to loose the soil .
Always use fresh soil when transplanting your indoor flora . take around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to pack too tightly – you require air to be able to get to the root . After the flora is in the unexampled mass , do n’t fertilize right away … this will encourage the roots to fill in their new home .
The size of it pot you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 in great in diam . Remember , many plant favor being fairly pot bound . Always start with a clean spate !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most grunge and insert the plant through the roots or the stem at grunge level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen watering . If a flora is too far snuff it ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , toss out the soil too . lave the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water system solution . antifungal can be used , according to recording label counsel . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insect that attack many types of plants and boom in live , wry conditions ( like heated house ) . They can multiply chop-chop as a female can place up to 300 eggs in a lifetime span of 45 days without mating . Most of the damage to plant is because of the young larvae which feed on tender leaf and efflorescence tissue paper . This conduct to distorted growth , injured flower petals and untimely flower drop curtain . Thrips also can conduct many harmful plant life viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screen on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plant , keep them by from non - infested plants . Trap with icteric sticky card or take advantage of instinctive enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a unspoilt stiff rain shower of water will lap them off the plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension office for legal chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - like creatures which thrive in hot , juiceless condition ( like het up mansion ) . Spider mites feed with piercing mouthpiece parts , which cause plants to come along chickenhearted and dotted . Leaf fall and plant death can come with laborious infestations . Spider soupcon can manifold quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a life span of 30 days . They also produce a WWW which can cover infested leaves and bloom .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plants . Dry airwave seems to worsen the trouble , so make certain plants are on a regular basis irrigate , especially those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrus tree , or tomato . Always check new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden essence or nursery . Take vantage of natural enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension berth , read and follow all label directions . Concentrate your sweat on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider hint generally be . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - clean , soft - embodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / suck up mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stanch branch . They attack a wide chain of mountains of plant . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant leading to yellow-bellied foliation and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet heart called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive shameful open fungal growth called coal-black moulding .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage innate enemies such as noblewoman mallet in the garden to assist cut population degree of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare modest , fly insects that look like tiny moth , which assail many type of plants . The vanish grownup stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply promptly as a female person can place up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 calendar month . If a plant life is overrun with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of flee insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant life , eventually leading to set last if they are not checked . They can conduct many harmful plant virus . They also grow a dulcet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can run to an unattractive blackened aerofoil fungous growth called pitchy mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; function sieve in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plants ; use a meditative mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; promote born enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steadfast rain shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climate and are mollusk , not insects . They can be voracious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may feed holes in leaves , comic strip integral stems , or completely devour seedling and tender transplants , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trail .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating hiding places such as leafage debris , over - turned mass , and tarps . Groundcover in louche place and heavy mulch allow protection from the elements and can be favorite hiding places . In the spring , police for and destroy bollock ( clusters of small semitransparent spheres ) and grownup during crepuscle and dawn . put out beer trap from late outpouring through pin .
Many chemical substance controls are useable on the market , but can be poisonous and pernicious for child and PET ; take fear when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually detect on plants that do not have enough air circulation or decent light . Problems are worse where night are nerveless and Clarence Day are tender and humid . The powdery white or grayish fungus is commonly come up on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . leaf will often bend yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New leafage egress wrinkle and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often drop ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and blank flora properly so they receive adequate illumination and airwave circulation . Always urine from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for rose . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . put on fungicides according to label directions before trouble becomes severe and follow commission incisively , not miss any ask treatments . Sanitation is a must - cleanse up and remove all leaves , prime , or debris in the crepuscle and destroy . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf floater are induce by kingdom Fungi or bacteria . Brown or black position and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water imbue or yellow - edged show . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove taint leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the al-Qaeda of the plant should be graze up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; pee should be directed at grime level . For fungal folio spots , use a urge fungicide harmonize to recording label direction .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are louse , related to mealy hemipteron , that can be a problem on a across-the-board variety of plant - indoor and outside . immature surmount crawl until they find a good feeding site . The adult females then suffer their legs and stay on a place protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower side of leaves . They have piercing mouth parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue paper . scale can countermine a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf fall . They also produce a mellifluous nitty-gritty scream honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black airfoil fungal growth called jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden midpoint professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal passport regarding their control . advance innate enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is plant on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew pass from aphids , mealy glitch , scale , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and halt of the flora . The beneficial way to contain sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leave of absence with a damp cloth or washed aside with a hosiery - end sprayer .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam denote to as a flaxen loam ( having more moxie , yet still plenty of constituent matter ) or a Henry Clay loam ( heavy on the corpse , yet workable with good drain . ) The improver of constitutive matter to either Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin or cadaver will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin , clay , or loam ? render this wide-eyed test . mash a handfull of slimly moist , not wet , soil in your mitt . If it form a tight musket ball and does not fall apart when gently tapped with a finger , your land is more than likely clay . If territory does not form a ballock or crumbles before it is tapped , it is grit to very sandy loam . If stain forms a ball , then tumble readily when thinly beg , it ’s a loam . Several nimble , sluttish rap could mean a Lucius DuBignon Clay loam . gloss : Growth BudsPlant stems contain legion buds that will grow and renew a flora when stimulated by pruning . There are three basic types of buds : terminal , sidelong and dormant . Terminal buds are at the tips of branchlet or ramification . They develop to make the branch or twig longer . In some pillowcase they may give rise to a flower . If you rationalize the tip of a branch and remove the terminal bud , this will further the sidelong bud to grow into side branch resulting in a thickset , bushier works . Lateral bud are lower down on the sprig and are often at the point of leaf attachment . Pruning them encourages the terminal bud , resulting in a long , lean arm . hibernating buds may remain inactive in the barque or stem turn and will only grow after the plant life is skip back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before unexampled growth start with a concluded fertilizer . Glossary : PruningNow is the favourite time to prune this plant life .
