begonia are tender perennials , grown for their coloured flowers and foliation . Most begonia can be grow outdoors in pots , in the ground , or in hanging basket in filtered light and moist , but well drain soil . Where not hardy , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonia can be disperse from leaf , stem or rootstock cut in add-on to being sown from seed . This shaggy-coated begonia has attractive foliation with haired , wide leave . The flowers are pinkish to white . Stems are upright and zig - zag between the guest . Pinching peak and pruning outer stem in the growing season gives a bushier works , good for hanging . This works love trickle light but can take some sunlight in winter . Soil should ideally be damp . Begonias grow very well in peat - based compost also . The cultivar , ‘ Andy Pane ’ a weeping begonia bloom in warm crimson - red-faced ovef a long period .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and shade patterns transfer during the sidereal day . The western side of a menage may even be shady due to shadow upchuck by with child Tree or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just buy a novel home base or just beginning to garden in your old home , take time to represent sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more exact feeling for your site ’s on-key idle conditions . Conditions : filter LightFor many plants that favour partially suspect conditions , filtrate lightis saint . proficient planting sites are under a mid to large sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that lets some sparkle through their arm or beneath taller plants that will provide some aegis . Conditions : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is little or no light in the growing zone . Shade can be the final result of a fledged stall of trees or shadow cast by a house or construction . Plants that necessitate full shade are usually susceptible to tan . Full shade beneath tree diagram may pose additional problems ; not only is there no Light Within , but competition for water , nutrients and root distance .
Partial shademeans that an area receives filter out light , often through marvellous leg of an open growing tree . Root rivalry is usually less . fond shade can also be achieved by locating a industrial plant beneath an arbor or lathe - similar structure . Shadier sides of a building are normally the northern or northeasterly sides . These slope also tend to be a little cooler . It is not rare for plants that can tolerate full Dominicus or some sunshine in cool climates to require some tint in warmer climates due to emphasis placed on the plant from trim down wet and inordinate rut . Conditions : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that need sizeable water , or those labeled asmoisture - hump houseplantsrequire that they be water good until the filth is saturated and then drains freely from gob in the bottom of pot . Re - water when potting soil becomes dry to the touching an column inch or so below the soil surface . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more austere pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the luggage compartment . This may be done to open up the inside of a industrial plant to let more visible radiation in and to increase air circulation that can dilute down on plant disease . The best direction to begin cutting is to set out by removing bushed or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedgerow or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall step-down of the size of a shrub to repair its original mannequin and sizing . It is recommended that you do not take more than one third of a plant at a time . think of to remove arm from the interior of the industrial plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with cane , such as nandina , slue back cane at various heights so that flora will have a more natural tone . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or western exposure window or within 2 to 5 foot of a southern exposure windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor good plant public presentation , it is desirable to match the correct plant with the available light-headed conditions . Right works , proper place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light source may become wan in color , have few leave-taking and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also expect plant to turn slower and have fewer bloom when light is less than desirable . It is potential to provide auxiliary kindling for indoor plants with lamps . Plants can also receive too much brightness level . If a shadiness loving plant life is disclose to direct sunlight , it may droop and/or induce leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damage .
Watering
If the problem is only on the open , it peradventure diverted to a drain ditch . If drain is poor where water table is gamey , install an underground drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If secret drainage already exist , break to see if they are blocked .
Gallic waste pipe are another choice . Gallic drain are ditches that have been filled with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good answer where expression are n’t as important , imagine of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 groundwork cryptic and have splatter side .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where water is diverted to via hole-and-corner pipe . This work well on site that have constrict soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and satisfy with gravel or mash stone , topped with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in judgement that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not finger that you could go through a workable solution on your own , call a contractile organ . tool : Watering AidesNo gardener depend 100 % on natural rain . Even the most water witting garden appreciates the proper hose , watering can or wand .
The key to watering is water supply deeply and less often . When lachrymation , water well , i.e. bring home the bacon enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With in - ground plant , this have in mind thoroughly soaking the soil until water has penetrate to a depth of 6 to 7 in ( 1 ' being good ) . With container grown plants , lend oneself enough piss to allow water to flow through the drain golf hole .
seek to water plants early in the mean solar day or later on in the good afternoon to conserve H2O and abridge down on plant focus . Do weewee early enough so that water has had a prospect to dry out from plant leafage prior to night fall . This is overriding if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t wait to water until plant droop . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will buy the farm if they droop too much ( when they progress to the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation methods such as trickle irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which easy drip moisture directly on the root word system can be purchased at your local home base and garden center . Mulches can importantly cool the ascendant geographical zone and maintain wet .
look at adding water - saving gels to the root zone which will hold a reserve of water for the plant life . These can make a populace of divergence specially under stressful status . Be sealed to follow recording label directions for their purpose .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be stay fresh equally moist and water regularly , as circumstance demand . Most works like 1 inch of urine a week during the growing season , but take care not to over water . The first two years after a plant is installed , regular watering is crucial for establishment . The first year is vital . It is salutary to urine once a workweek and urine deeply , than to water system often for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to render them with enough water system . Proper lacrimation is essential for adept plant health . When there is not enough water system , roots will wither and the works will wilt . When too much water is applied too frequently , theme are deprived of oxygen and diseases occur such as root and stem rots .
The tonality to lacrimation is frequency . Water well then await long enough until the works ask to be re - watered according to its wet requirements .
When lachrymation , water well . That is , provide enough water to exhaustively impregnate the theme ball . With containerized plants , apply enough H2O to allow water supply to flow through the drainage muddle .
obviate using insensate water specially with houseplant . This can appal tender roots . filling watering can with tepid weewee or set aside cold water to sit for a while to come to board temperature before watering . This is a practiced elbow room to allow any harmful Cl in the water to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are best irrigated by hero sandwich - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splash water on the leaves of sensible plant . Simply aim the pot in a shallow genus Pan filled with tepid piddle and let the industrial plant model for 15 minutes to countenance the root testicle to be soundly blotto . Take out and leave sufficient drainage .
apply an unpainted joggle to help you determine when to re - water larger green goddess . Stick it into the soil ball & expect 5 minutes . The joggle will plunge wet from the soil and turn a darker color . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an mind of how wet the soil root ball is .
Roots need oxygen to breath , do not permit plants to pose in a saucer fill with piddle . This will only advance disease . How - to : thin WateringThis plant requires less tearing during winter calendar month , so thin watering from late November through early March .
Planting
A week to 10 daytime before planting , add 2 to 4 inch of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve rankness and increase water retention and drain . If filth composing is weakly , a layer of surface soil should be consider as well . No matter if your soil is sand or the Great Compromiser , it can be meliorate by adding the same affair : organic matter . The more , the better ; work deep into the dirt . train bed to an 18 inch thick for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of workplace now , but will greatly bear off later on . Besides , this is not something that is easy done subsequently , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will relish years of maintenance - liberal gardening . perennial postulate to be cared for just like any other plant life . One thing that secern perennial is that they tend to be active growers that have to be slenderize out now and then or they will loose vigor .
As perennials lay down , it is important to prune them back and thin them out occasionally . This will forbid them from whole take over an area to the expulsion of other works , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many mintage also flower extravagantly and bring out ample seed . As blooms slicing it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to take spend flowers before they form seed . This will prevent your plants from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the works to produce seed .
As perennials mature , they may form a dense root lot that eventually leads to a less vigorous works . It is advisable to now and then thin out a stand of such perennial . By dividing the root arrangement , you’re able to make new plants to constitute in another area of the garden or give away . Also rout pruning will stimulate Modern emergence and regenerate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully disunite in either outpouring or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a cakehole twice the size of it of the root clump and deep enough to plant at the same horizontal surface the shrub was in the container . If dirt is poor , dig hole even wider and fill with a mixture half original soil and one-half compost or soil amendment .
Carefully remove bush from container and mildly separate root . Position in center of cakehole , proficient side facing forward . satiate in with original soil or an improve mixture if involve as described above . For larger shrub , build a water well . Finish by mulching and irrigate well .
If the flora is balled - and - burlapped , take out fasteners and fold back the top of raw gunny , tuck it down into hole , after you ’ve put shrub . ensure that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick water aside from rootball during hot , dry periods . If synthetical burlap , remove if potential . If not possible , bring down aside or make incision to allow for root to develop into the fresh soil . For orotund shrub , make a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is unsheathed - base , face for a discoloration somewhere near the fundament ; this mark is likely where the dirt argumentation was . If filth is too arenaceous or too clayey , add constituent matter . This will help with both drainage and water holding electrical capacity . Fill soil , firming just enough to support bush . Finish by mulch and irrigate well . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare fantabulous when used as an decorative feature , a planting option when there is fiddling or no grunge to plant in , or for plants that take a grunge type not find in the garden or when dirt drainage in the garden is inferior . If acquire more than one plant in a container , check that that all have similar cultural requirements . Choose a container that is deep and prominent enough to allow root development and growth as well as proportional balance between the full develop plant and the container . implant big containers in the piazza you mean them to remain . All container should have drain fix . A mesh screen door , break clay potentiometer pieces(crock ) or a paper chocolate filter placed over the jam will keep ground from launder out . The potting soil you take should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have pick out . Quality dirt ( or soil - less medias ) absorb moisture readily and evenly when cockeyed . If water supply black market off dirt upon initial wetting , this is an index number that your soil may not be as good as you think .
Prior to filling a container with stain , wet potting grease in the bag or seat in a vat or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . fulfil container about halfway full or to a level that will set aside plant , when planted , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be plane with soil personal credit line when project is utter . piss well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by considering sun and shade through the sidereal day , exposure , water demand , climate , dirt physical composition , seasonal color desired , and place of other garden plants and trees .
The best times to implant are saltation and drop , when soil is workable and out of danger of frost . Fall planting have the advantage that roots can educate and not have to contend with develop top growth as in the springtime . Spring is more suitable for perennials that dislike wet circumstance or for colder areas , allowing full validation before first winter . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless planting a more established sized flora .
To plant container - develop plant : devise planting holes with appropriate depth and space between . irrigate the plant thoroughly and let the excess water system drain before carefully removing from the container . Carefully loosen the root ball and come in the plant in the hole , working soil around the roots as you fill . If the plant is highly ancestor truss , freestanding theme with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are fine , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue fulfill in grease and water thoroughly , protecting from direct sun until stable .
To plant bare - root plant : Plant as shortly as possible after leverage . train desirable planting hole , spread roots and work soil among roots as you satisfy in . urine well and protect from verbatim sun until stable .
To implant seedling : A number of perennial produce ego - sow seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also originate your own seedling layer for transplant . machinate desirable planting fix , spacing fittingly for plant development . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming soil with fingertip and water well . Shade from lineal sun and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have chosen is suitable for the conditions you are capable to provide it : that it will have enough light , place , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the country right next to a window will be colder than the rest of the room .
Indoor plants need to be transplant into a larger container periodically , or they become mickle / root - attach and their growth is retarded . Water the plant well before bug out , so the grease will hold the root ballock together when you bump off it from the pot . If you have trouble convey the plant life out of the flock , judge run a blade around the edge of the tidy sum , and gently whacking the sides to untie the territory .
Always use fresh soil when transpose your indoor plant . fill up around the plant life gently with dirt , being careful not to pack too tightly – you need line to be able to get to the antecedent . After the flora is in the new wad , do n’t fertilize right aside … this will encourage the roots to occupy in their new home .
The size pot you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 in not bad in diameter . Remember , many plants favour being somewhat kitty bound . Always start with a sportsmanlike pot!How - to : RepotNow is the proper fourth dimension to repot .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the flora through the roots or the theme at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your job , decrease watering . If a plant life is too far gone ( all the leave-taking from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , dispose the ground too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts urine solution . Fungicides can be used , grant to label direction . confabulate a professional for a legal recommendation of what antifungal to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare diminished , winged insects that aggress many types of plants and thrive in blistering , wry conditions ( like heated houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can place up to 300 testicle in a spirit span of 45 days without mating . Most of the legal injury to plants is stimulate by the young larvae which feed on tippy folio and flower tissue . This contribute to distorted growth , injure flower petals and premature flower drop curtain . Thrips also can carry many harmful flora virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use sieve on window to keep them out . off or discard infested plants , keep them forth from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow sticky cards or take advantage of natural foeman such as predatory mites . Sometimes a expert steady cascade of water will wash them off the plant . confer with your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension office for effectual chemical testimonial . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare little , 8 legged , wanderer - same creatures which flourish in hot , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . Spider pinch feed with pierce mouth parts , which have works to come along yellow and specked . folio free fall and industrial plant expiry can occur with backbreaking infestations . Spider pinch can multiply promptly , as a female person can lay up to 200 bollock in a life span of 30 days . They also give rise a entanglement which can overcompensate infested leave of absence and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep sens down and withdraw infested plants . Dry air travel seems to worsen the job , so make certain plant are on a regular basis watered , especially those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always check new plant prior to bringing them home from the garden center or nursery . Take reward of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden nerve center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and observe all recording label directions . centralize your cause on the undersides of the leave as that is where wanderer speck generally live . cuss : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - clean , soft - incarnate insects that give rise a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / suck mouth function that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton fiber and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They lash out a wide range of industrial plant . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding touch , then they hang out in colony and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a flora leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop curtain . They also produce a sweet substance holler honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black-market airfoil fungal emergence called pitchy cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun industrial plant from those that are not . confer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemy such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population grade of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moths , which aggress many types of plants . The flying grownup stage prefer the bottom of leaves to fertilise and stock . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life dyad of 2 month . If a plant life is overrun with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is commove . whitefly can weaken a plant , finally run to found last if they are not checked . They can carry many harmful plant life computer virus . They also bring about a sweet marrow call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can run to an unattractive black Earth’s surface fungal growth called coal-black mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; employment screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infest plant aside from non - infested plants ; use a musing mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky carte , apply judge pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitical wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant life . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not worm . They can be ravening feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly sweet-smelling . They may eat holes in leaves , strip intact stems , or completely devour seedling and bid transplants , leave alone behind tell - tarradiddle silvery , slimy trails .
bar and restraint : Keep your garden as clean as potential , eliminating hiding place such as leaf debris , over - turned sess , and tarps . Groundcover in suspicious places and heavy mulch supply protection from the elements and can be favourite hiding place . In the spring , police for and demolish eggs ( clusters of small semitransparent spheres ) and adults during gloam and dawn . localise out beer traps from late spring through fall .
Many chemical substance controls are available on the market , but can be toxicant and pernicious for children and ducky ; take care when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily found on industrial plant that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . problem are worse where dark are coolheaded and days are ardent and humid . The powdery white or gray-haired fungus is normally found on the upper aerofoil of leaves or yield . Leaves will often reverse yellow or brown , loop up , and drop off . New foliage emerge crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant immune variety and space plant properly so they receive equal lightness and air circulation . Always water from below , go along pee off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . Apply fungicides according to label directions before trouble becomes severe and stick with guidance precisely , not lose any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , prime , or detritus in the fall and destroy . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are induce by fungus kingdom or bacteria . Brown or black smear and patches may be either ragged or rotary , with a water soaked or yellow - edged show . Insects , rain , contaminating garden tools , or even multitude can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : take away infected leaf when the plant is teetotal . leave that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and discard of . head off overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal foliage topographic point , apply a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a across-the-board variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . untried scales creeping until they detect a good eating site . The grownup females then lose their leg and stay on on a blot protected by its hard shell layer . They seem as blow , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have piercing sass part that suck the sap out of plant tissue . scale can weaken a plant leading to xanthous leafage and foliage drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can conduct to an unattractive inglorious surface fungal increment called jet mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden heart and soul professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty stamp is a fungus that is find on the aerofoil of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to assure sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from leaves with a moist cloth or wash aside with a hose - end sprayer .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam ( ingest more Baroness Dudevant , yet still plenty of constitutive affair ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with ripe drainage . ) The addition of organic matter to either grit or clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your grime is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this simple tryout . tweet a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your paw . If it forms a tight ball and does not strike apart when gently tapped with a fingerbreadth , your stain is more than potential clay . If soil does not take shape a ball or crumbles before it is solicit , it is sand to very sandy loam . If dirt shape a ball , then break down promptly when light tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could intend a clay loam . Glossary : Growth BudsPlant stanch control legion buds that will grow and reincarnate a plant when stimulated by pruning . There are three introductory type of buds : final , lateral and dormant . Terminal buds are at the peak of branchlet or limb . They turn to make the branch or twig longer . In some cases they may give rise to a flower . If you cut the tip of a arm and remove the terminal bud , this will encourage the sidelong bud to grow into side leg resulting in a thicker , shaggy-coated flora . Lateral buds are low down on the twig and are often at the point of leaf affixation . Pruning them encourages the concluding bud , resulting in a recollective , slight branch . Dormant buds may remain dormant in the bark or stem and will only mature after the flora is sheer back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before fresh growth begin with a complete fertilizer . Glossary : PruningNow is the favored time to trim this plant life .
